Invasion of the Star Creatures (1962)

Invasion of the Star Creatures is a low-budget spoof of equally low-budget science fiction films.  Just to make sure everyone is in on the joke, the credits open with, “R.I. Diculous Presents An Impossible Picture.”  It is filled with silly situations and corny jokes, but it is rather amusing, if you are in the mood for this sort of thing.

On an army missile base, Private Philbrick and Private Penn are normally in charge of such things as washing the garbage cans, but are assigned by Colonel Awol to be part of a team investigating a cave that opened up as the result of a nuclear test explosion.  The team discovers seven-foot-tall plant-like extraterrestrials, sort of like the alien in The Thing from Another World (1951).  However, these plant creatures are just slaves, their masters being two tall, beautiful women, reminiscent of movies like Cat-Women of the Moon (1953) and Queen of Outer Space (1958).

The two privates are captured by the vegetable monsters and brought before the two women, Professor Tanga and Dr. Puna.  Philbrick wonders aloud what Space Commander Connors would do, an allusion to such radio and television characters as Captain Video and Captain Midnight, or the television show Space Patrol (1950-55).  The women tell Penn and Philbrick they plan to return to their planet, after which Earth will be invaded and conquered.  Then they show the privates the room where they grow the plant men.  We see flower pots, most of which have a hand sticking up out of them.  When they prepare to leave the room, Philbrick says goodbye to the plant hands, one of which waves bye-bye.

Although there are warrior men back on their planet, the women don’t seem to know anything about love, so Philbrick teaches Dr. Puna what “kiss” means. She swoons, allowing Penn and Philbrick to escape.  They return to base and tell Colonel Awol that he must stop the spaceship from blasting off.  Awol does not believe them and orders them to be thrown into the guardhouse, assuming them to be drunk.  But when Philbrick swears on his Space Commander Connors’ secret ring, Awol asks to see the ring.  When Philbrick shows it to him, Awol shows Philbrick his.  They utter the secret code words and do the hand signal.  Then they discover they both belong to the same stellar squadron, and it turns out that whereas that Awol is only a junior flight leader, Philbrick is a senior flight leader, which means Philbrick is now in command.

The three of them head back to the cave.  Penn says the three of them will not be enough to stop the space broads from taking off.  Just then, a bunch of Indians come along, whereupon it turns out that they also are members of Space Commander Connors’ flight squadron, only one of the Indians is General flight leader, and proves it with a badge pinned to his bare chest.  So now, the Indian is in command.

But they all have a pow wow, during which the Indians and the colonel get drunk.  Penn and Philbrick go back to the cave and manage to blast the rocket ship off into space, marooning the two women.  But Dr. Puna gets Penn to teach Professor Tanga what “kiss” means.  They all get married and live happily ever after.

I saw this movie a couple of times in the 1960s on the late show, and I liked it so much that I bought my own copy on DVD recently.  I was looking forward to one of my favorite jokes in the movie, when Penn and Philbrick try to get telepathic control of one of the plant men.  The way I remember it, Penn says, “Focus on his eye.”

But as the eyes of the plant men are spaced really far apart, Philbrick asks, “Which one?”

“The one next to the carrot,” Penn replies.

Imagine my disappointment when I found it was not on the DVD.  Then I noticed that IMDb says that the television version is ten minutes longer than the theatrical version.

I guess I’ll have to wait for the director’s cut.

Soylent Green (1973)

From a 1973 perspective, when Soylent Green was made, this movie imagines the world in 2022, where the temperature is stifling owing to the greenhouse effect, eventually to be called global warming, and presently climate change.  Overpopulation has reached critical proportions, there being forty million people in New York City alone, most of whom are in filthy rags, sleeping in the street.  Only the very rich and well-connected eat what for us is ordinary food, while the vast majority must eat crackers of different colors indicating their quality, with green being the most desirable because it is the most nutritious.  Even water is rationed.  And electric power is unreliable.

Detective Thorn (Charlton Heston) shares an apartment with his assistant Sol (Edward G. Robinson), referred to as a “book,” on account of his ability to do research on old written material.  We see Thorn having to struggle to use the steps to their apartment because there are so many people sleeping on the stairs.  Later, when a riot starts because there is a shortage of Soylent Green wafers, we see dump trucks called “scoops” being used to remove people from the streets.

Sol helps Thorn investigate murders.  One murder in particular is that of Simonson (Joseph Cotton), one of the privileged few referred to above, living as he does in a luxury apartment.  We witness the murder, in which Simonson is resigned to his fate, even suggesting that he deserves it, that it is in accordance with the will of God.

Before the murder, we saw that Simonson lived with a woman named Shirl (Leigh Taylor-Young), referred to as “furniture,” essentially a prostitute who comes with the apartment.  Thorn checks Shirl for bruises, to see if Simonson used to knock her around.  When he doesn’t find any bruises, he tells her she was a lucky girl.  We see other women being beaten in this movie as well.

When Thorn investigates the crime scenes of rich victims, he typically loots the place, but this time he really scores, taking items of food like beef, vegetables, and liquor.  He also helps himself to the “furniture,” having sex with Shirl without caring whether she wants to or not.  Of course, it’s Charlton Heston, so naturally she likes it. However, we find that the new tenant that will soon be moving into that apartment is repulsive, telling Shirl that he will be having friends come over, and he expects her to be “fun.”  Gulp.

Thorn figures out that Simonson was assassinated, and when he gets too close to the truth, political pressure is applied to get him to end the investigation.  When that doesn’t work, he almost is assassinated himself.

Thorn brings some reference books from Simonson’s apartment for Sol to look into.  From them he learns that Simonson was on the board of Soylent Corporation.  He also learns a terrible secret, the one that led to Simonson’s murder, and he decides to end it all by going to an assisted-suicide center, where he gets to look at scenes of nature as it once was and listen to beautiful music for twenty minutes before dying from some concoction he imbibed.  Just before he dies, he tells Thorn that the plankton used to make Soylent Green is disappearing from the oceans.  As a substitute for the loss of plankton, people that die are secretly processed and turned into the Soylent Green wafers.

For the purpose of this movie, we need to set aside the fact that cannibalism can lead to the transmission of abnormal prions, causing serious neurological disease.  The movie gives no indication of any awareness of this, and audiences watching this movie at the time were doubtless unaware of it as well.  Within this movie, the entire of objection to Soylent Green wafers being made out of people is that the idea is icky.

If disease is not a consideration, then in a world that is overpopulated and in which there is a food shortage, turning people into food is rational.  After all, we are not talking about the kind of cannibalism where we have a bunch of savages standing around a pot with a missionary in it.  The people being turned into food either died naturally or, in the case of assisted suicide, voluntarily.  So, the worst you can say about this form of cannibalism is that the idea of eating people makes us feel queasy.

Neither Simonson’s acquiescence in his own murder nor Sol’s suicide would seem to be warranted, if that’s all there is to it.  However, I have heard of people dying of starvation, even though surrounded by food, when that food is regarded as unpalatable.  For example, I guess one could survive on a cockroach diet, but it would not be easy to pick one up and stick it in your mouth.  On the other hand, if the cockroaches were used to make wafers, then with the proper seasoning they might suffice, especially if the government lied and said they were made out of grasshoppers.

Therefore, in an apparent effort to make this form of cannibalism insidious instead of just repulsive, the scriptwriters have Thorn tell his supervisor, “They’re making our food out of people.  Next thing, they’ll be breeding us like cattle.” Unfortunately, this line, which is supposed to make us even more horrified by what is going on, only makes us groan at its absurdity.

In a world where there are too many people, it makes no sense to breed more.  You just eat the ones you have.

Furthermore, why breed people like cattle instead of just continuing to breed cattle?  Thorn took some beef from Simonson’s apartment, and there is reference in the movie to farms, where cattle are raised.  Why divert resources from cattle breeding in order to breed people instead?

Finally, you would have to feed people more protein to raise them than you would get out of them once you brought them to slaughter.  To put it differently, any person being bred as food would have to be fed the equivalent of several other people over his lifetime.

Because this idea of breeding people is illogical, throwing it in at the last minute undermines this pessimistic vision of the future.

It Came from Beneath the Sea (1955)

Faith Domergue had a cold beauty that made her suitable as female scientist, Professor Leslie Joyce, in It Came from Beneath the Sea.  It also helped that she was a brunette.  The stereotype of the cold, hard scientist whose intellect does not allow itself to be swayed by mere sentiment and feeling was especially prevalent in the old science fiction movies, and thus a beautiful female scientist constituted a special challenge for a macho leading man, used to having his way with women.

In this movie, said macho leading man is Commander Pete Mathews, played by Kenneth Tobey.  Tobey already had experience as Captain Patrick Hendry in The Thing from Another World (1951) breaking down the resistance of science assistant Nikki (Margaret Sheridan), who is referred to as a “pinup girl,” so you might think things would be a little easier for him in this film; but then, Faith Domergue also had experience playing the beautiful, cold scientist, Dr. Ruth Adams, resisting the charms of Rex Reason playing Dr. Cal Meacham in This Island Earth (1955), so I guess that made them even.

A lot of old movies are sexist by twenty-first century standards, but science fiction movies from the 1950s, with their inevitable beautiful female scientists, often have a feminist theme in them, pushing back against that sexism.  As a result, the message tends to be mixed, with the movie expressing a sexist attitude one minute and a feminist attitude the next.  For example, in Rocketship X-M (1950), Dr. Lisa Van Horn is a female scientist who is going to be part of a crew on the title spaceship.  Much is made of her qualifications. But then, when it comes time for the astronauts to secure themselves for blastoff, we see that the men can easily strap themselves in, but one of the men has to strap Lisa in.  This strange combination of sexism and feminism is especially flagrant in It Came from Beneath the Sea.

Joyce’s colleague is Dr. John Carter (Donald Curtis).  Other than when first names are being used, he is always addressed as Dr. Carter, never as Mr. Carter, but while Joyce is frequently referred to as Professor Joyce, she is often addressed as Miss Joyce as well, presumably because her status as a nubile maiden takes precedence over her professional qualifications.  They have both been called in to investigate a hunk of mysterious substance that got caught in the diving plane of Mathews’ submarine.  After an initial inspection, however, Joyce is not willing to spend any more time studying the specimen, because she has more important matters needing her attention elsewhere.  In other words, she is just as hard to get as a scientist as she is as a woman.  However, her expertise in marine biology makes her indispensable, and she is forced to continue with the investigation.

Of course, once Mathews has seen what Joyce looks like without her protective radiation suit on, he is especially glad she will be forced to continue on, and he wastes little time making his moves on her.  He wants to know if there is anything going on between her and Carter. “Oh, you mean romance,”  she says, as she picks up a foot-long test tube.  While gently holding this scientific prop with phallic significance, she teases him about the lack of women aboard a submarine, but she refuses to say whether there is anything between her and Carter.  Later, when Joyce definitively determines the nature of the substance, Carter kisses her on the cheek, and then she nestles in his arms as Mathews calls Naval Intelligence.  If they were actually involved romantically, this would not be so strange.  But they are not.  As a result, we once again get that strange mixture of feminism and sexism:  on the one hand, she is the expert in her field and has found the solution; on the other hand, she is a pretty girl that men just naturally kiss and hold in their arms, even when that man is a colleague in a professional setting.

Anyway, the substance turns out to be a piece from a giant octopus.  The octopus has been exposed to a lot of radiation owing to tests of the hydrogen bomb.  Radiation did not make the octopus big as it did the title character in The Amazing Colossal Man (1957) or the ants in Them! (1954), because this octopus has always been big.  However, the fish it was used to eating have natural Geiger counters in them that make them avoid the octopus, forcing it to leave its natural habitat and seek food elsewhere.  It is amazing what lengths these 1950s movies would go to in order to make radiation the cause of whatever monster they had to deal with.

Joyce and Mathews are somewhat contemptuous of each other’s profession.  She says to Mathews, “my mind just isn’t attuned to discuss things on your level, Commander.”  Later, hearing that Joyce and Carter will be meeting in Cairo to investigate the sinking nature of the coast of the Red Sea, Mathews says to Carter, “Sounds ideal.”  When Carter refers to it as mixing work with pleasure, Mathews responds, “Work?  Oh yes, that is your work, isn’t it?”

On their last night in Pearl Harbor, they all decide to have dinner together at a restaurant.  Mathews is bossy, practically pulling Joyce out of her chair while announcing they are going to dance and even telling Carter to order her a steak.  She refuses to dance, says she does not want a steak, and sits back down.  But she agrees to his suggestion of lobster and finally agrees to dance with him.  While discussing the weather in Hawaii, which is always balmy, she says she likes the winter and the snow, which naturally suggest frigidity on her part.  At first, we think that Mathews is going to try to kiss her, but she moves her head forward and kisses him instead, and then puts her arms around him.  So, contrary to appearances, she is a sexually aggressive woman.  Then they return to the table and have their meal.  When Mathews realizes that Joyce still intends to go to Cairo, he is shocked.  Presumably, he thought that since they kissed, she was going to give up all this foolishness about a career, marry him, and have babies.  He leaves in a huff.

Their plans to go to Cairo, however, are foiled by the occurrence of another incident.  It seems a tramp steamer has disappeared at sea, and Admiral Norman has rescinded their release so they can investigate to see if there is any connection to the previous one with Mathews’ submarine.  Fortunately, they find a few survivors.  In order to get the facts, a doctor examines them.  After the first survivor tells his story, in which it is clear that the giant octopus attacked the ship, the doctor indicates that he does not believe him, starts humoring him, and tells him in an ominous manner that he is to be taken down the hall to talk to another doctor about what he thinks he has seen.  The other three survivors are not fools.  They realize the other doctor is a psychiatrist and that their mate is likely to be diagnosed as mentally ill and confined to an insane asylum.  So, they deny having seen anything.  They are given lie-detector tests, which show that they are lying when they deny having seen anything.  And then the first survivor recants his story so that he can be released from the infirmary.  Mathews and the other officers are exasperated and just don’t understand why they can’t get the truth out of these guys.

Professor Joyce rises to the occasion.  Removing her coat so as to expose a little more of her soft, warm flesh, she tells the officers she will talk to the first survivor when he is released, and then contrives to be alone with him in a room.  Using her womanly wiles—giving him sexy looks, touching his hand, showing a little leg—she gets the man to admit he saw the sea monster, which the officers hear through the intercom.  So, you see, that’s why we need female scientists, because they have special ways of getting to the truth.

Mathews and Joyce decide to investigate reports of poor fishing along the northwest coast, because it may be that the octopus has been eating all the fish.  They spot what might be called an octopus footprint on the beach and they send for Carter.  Meanwhile, they decide to check out the fish population in the area, which they do by putting on the swim suits they just happened to have with them.  No fish, so they do a little hot necking on the beach.

When Carter arrives with the deputy sheriff, Mathews asks Carter to help him persuade Joyce to leave and let the Navy take over the job.  When Carter asks what Joyce has to say about that, Mathews responds, “What’s the difference what she says?”  At that point, Carter proceeds to lecture Mathews about women:  “There’s a whole new breed who feel they’re just as smart and just as courageous as men.  And they are.  They don’t like to be overprotected. They don’t like to have their initiative taken away from them.”

Joyce picks up the argument:  “A, you’d want me to miss the opportunity to see this specimen, one that may never come again. B, you’d be making up my mind for me. And C, I not only don’t like being pushed around, but you underestimate my ability to help in a crisis.”  Carter says that he is entirely on her side, as she nestles into the arm her puts around her.  Mathews concedes to having lost the argument.

Suddenly, the octopus appears and kills the deputy, causing Joyce to scream like a girl.

The octopus starts wreaking havoc on San Francisco, Mathews and Carter take turns saving each other’s lives, during which Joyce screams again, finding solace first in Carter’s arms and then Mathews’, until at last the octopus is killed.

They have dinner again.  Mathews, noting that women can change, says he wants Joyce to marry him and start a family.  She says she hasn’t time for that, indicating that she is an independent, career-minded woman, who wants nothing to do with a life of domesticity.  But then she offers to collaborate with him on a book, How to Catch a Sea Beast, a title that lends itself to more than one meaning, inasmuch as Mathews, as captain of a submarine, is something of a sea beast himself.  From this we gather that her ultimate goal is to trap a man.

The Phantom Empire (1935)

The Phantom Empire is the greatest serial ever made.  It runs for 245 minutes, and footage from this serial was edited down to 70 minutes in order to make a movie out of it, alternatively titled Radio Ranch or Men with Steel Faces.  The movie version loses much of the camp value of the serial, however.  Also lost is the way it cheats with the cliffhangers, letting us think something terrible happened, only to show something different at the beginning of the next chapter.  Subsequent chapters after the first begin with a stirring piece of music that sounds almost too good to be original with this serial.

Gene Autry, playing himself, is half-owner of Radio Ranch, where people come to stay as paying guests and from which Autry broadcasts a radio program every day.  In the first chapter, after singing a song, he introduces Frankie Baxter (Frankie Darro) and his sister Betsy Baxter (Betsy King Ross), his partner’s children, who head a club sponsored by Radio Ranch called National Thunder Riders or Junior Thunder Riders.  They tell about how one day they saw a bunch of men with capes and helmets riding horses that sounded like thunder, though they do not know who those men were.  Nevertheless, Frankie and Betsy formed the club, the members of which wear capes and helmets modeled after the ones worn by the original Thunder Riders, as they call them.  Other kids are encouraged to visit the ranch and join the club, or they can start their own local fan club and get patterns so that their mothers can make Thunder Rider costumes for them.

Then Autry narrates the next installment of a serial within this serial in which the Junior Thunder Riders ride to the rescue to save a man and his wife from a bunch of bandits.  You might think that since this is a radio serial, only dialogue and sound effects would be involved, but they actually act out the parts, almost as if it were being filmed, which, I guess, in a way it is.  Perhaps not so much anymore, but there was a time when children would see a Western at a theater on Saturday morning and then want to play cowboys and Indians that afternoon.  This serial took that one step further by having the children within the story playing at what the grownups were doing, even to the point of becoming involved with the grownup story itself, thereby making it easier for the children in the audience to imagine they were part of the story when they acted out the parts later on.

Meanwhile, a bunch of men fly in by airplane, who we quickly figure are up to no good.  One of them, Professor Beetson, believes that somewhere underneath Radio Ranch is Murania, populated by descendants of an ancient city, who moved underground to escape the glaciers a hundred thousand years ago.  Beetson believes that if they can locate Murania, they will find valuable deposits of radium and secrets that have been lost to the world, technology based on their knowledge of radiation.  Their plan is to get rid of Autry by causing him to miss a broadcast, which will result in the loss of his radio contract.  Or they can just kill him.  Either way, they figure the ranch will become deserted, giving them the freedom to look for Murania without being disturbed.  This plot point leads to several ludicrous situations in which Autry is fleeing from the Thunder Riders or from the scientists, in danger of losing his life, and right in the middle of it all has to worry about getting back to the ranch in time to sing another song.

All this is on the surface.  Meanwhile, twenty-five thousand feet below the ranch is Murania, where the original Thunder Riders live, when they are not galloping about on the surface for whatever reason.  There are, of course, the expected absurdities in this lost city, such as that everyone speaks English.  Muranians cannot breathe surface air, so they have to wear helmets that supply them with oxygen whenever they leave their city.  (Don’t look at me, that’s the explanation that is given.)  And yet, although Muranians cannot breathe surface air, surface people have no trouble breathing Muranian air.  Also peculiar is the mixture of ancient and futuristic technology.  The Muranians have television, allowing their ruler, Queen Tika, to see and hear what is going on anywhere on the planet.  They have all sorts of advanced weaponry, such as guided missiles and ray guns, and yet the guards carry spears.  They have robots to perform the manual labor, but the ones that are armed have swords.  Moreover, when the Thunder Riders need to enter or leave Murania, they have a robot turn a crank to open the door, instead of simply having the equivalent of a garage-door opener.

Their government seems to be a bit of a mixture as well.  As noted, there is a queen who rules over her subjects.  However, she refers to one of the wounded soldiers as a “comrade,” a term not normally used in monarchies, but which would have suggested a communist state like the Soviet Union in 1935.  And there is reference to the “secret police.”  When she watches the television to see what is going on in the world, she is contemptuous of the insanity she witnesses, calling the surface people fools, who are always in a hurry, their lives full of death and suffering.  You might think from this that Murania must be an enlightened utopia, especially when she declares that their civilization is not only advanced, but also serene.  But when the captain of the Thunder Riders fails to capture Autry as she commanded, she starts to put him to death for incompetence, but then decides that lashes with a whip will be a better punishment.  In fact, she routinely condemns her officers to the “Death Chamber,” after which their charred bodies are sent to the “Cavern of Doom,” so we wonder just how serene her subjects can be under the circumstances.  She wants Autry captured so that she can drive everyone off Radio Ranch, because she fears that surface people will discover Murania and invade it.  Of course, it is Autry’s very presence at Radio Ranch that is preventing the discovery of Murania by Beetson and others, as she well knows from watching that television of hers, which allows her to overhear Beetson discussing his plans.  But she figures on getting rid of Autry’s Radio Ranch first, Beetson’s gang later.

When the captain fails a second time, she commands Lord Argo to put him to death in the Lightening Chamber.  But once inside, Argo tells the captain that every time someone is supposedly put to death (thirty-seven so far this year), he saves him so he can be part of the rebellion he is planning.  The captain agrees to join the rebellion, and so his execution is faked.  Though Queen Tika has people whipped or executed for merely failing to carry out her orders, despite their best efforts, yet when she finds out about the rebellion, she cannot understand why people are turning against her.  After all, she knows she has been a good queen, because that is what her underlings tell her when they are asked.  Later, Betsy says what most of us have been thinking, that Queen Tika reminds us of the one in Alice in Wonderland, always shouting, “Off with his head.”

Meanwhile, back at the ranch, the Junior Thunder Riders have parallels to Murania beyond merely fashioning themselves after the Muranian Thunder Riders.  Frankie has a secret laboratory on the second floor of a barn in which he invents gadgets, just as scientists in Murania continue to develop new technology down below.  While the Muranians have wireless telephones, the Junior Thunder Riders can be summoned to the secret laboratory with a light bulb moving up through the roof blinking on and off in Morse code.  While the Muranians below the surface watch the world on their television, the Junior Thunder Riders watch what is happening on Radio Ranch with a periscope that peeps through that same hole.  And just as the Muranians live secretly underground, the Junior Thunder Riders have a secret underground passageway beneath the barn leading out of the side of a hill much as the entrance to Murania is on the side of a mountain.  Just as we see only one female in Murania, Queen Tika, so too is there only one female in the Junior Thunder Riders, Betsy.  In one sense, however, the parallel is one of contrast:  while the Junior Thunder Riders consist only of children, the Muranians seem to consist only of adults.  Of course, that might make sense if the Queen is the only woman in the place.  In any event, she refers to Frankie and Betsy as “undeveloped surface creatures,” almost as if the very idea of children is one unfamiliar to Muranians.

And just because these are not enough plot complications, Autry is framed by the scientists for killing his partner, and so in addition to being hunted by Beetson’s gang and the Muranian Thunder Riders, he is also being pursued by the sheriff, all of which makes that daily broadcast a bit challenging.  Fortunately, he has the Junior Thunder Riders to help him in that regard.

Eventually, Autry is captured and brought to Murania, but he escapes.  Later, Frankie and Betsy are captured and brought to Murania, but then they escape too.  To block the path of anyone not authorized to pass by, there is a robot standing off to the side with a sword held erect.  When activated by a button on its chest, an infraray tells it if someone is trying to pass, at which point it comes down repeatedly with its sword.  So, when Frankie and Betsy are trying to escape and are blocked by that robot, Frankie presses the off button on the robot’s chest, and then they go right past it without a problem.

The rebels do not intend to establish a democracy, but rather simply want power, which promises to result in an even more repressive society than the one run by the queen.  As a result, Autry and his friends team up with the queen, who aids them in their escape.  However, in the course of the rebellion, all of Murania is wiped out by the latest advance in weaponry, an atom smasher capable of destroying the entire universe, but which ends up destroying itself instead.

Back on the surface, Beetson confesses to killing Autry’s partner, daring Autry to try to prove it.  However, thanks to a piece of equipment Frankie brought back from Murania, the confession is caught on television, and the bad guys are arrested, after which Autry makes it back to the ranch in time for his final broadcast for the season.

The Hunger Games (2012)

The basis for The Hunger Games is just a contrivance. It is said that the games referred to in the title, in which two teenagers from each of the Twelve Districts of Panem are forced to fight one another to the death, are punishment for a rebellion that took place seventy-four years earlier. Seventy-four years? Reconstruction only lasted about ten years after the Civil War. And whom would the Capital be punishing? Most of the people who rebelled would have long since died, and most of the people being punished would not even have been born when the rebellion took place.

The squalor of the districts people live in looks like something from the Great Depression. But when the Hunger Games begin, we find that technology has developed to the point that the people monitoring the games can cause three cats to materialize by pressing a button. Well, if they can do that, why not materialize a bunch of cows for the starving people in the districts to eat? Oh yeah, I forgot. They are still being punished for stuff they didn’t do.

We expect all movies to be politically correct to some degree, but when the political correctness is too obvious, you just have to groan. In particular, all the evil people in this movie are white; all the people who are not white are good. Oh brother!

The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951)

When The Day the Earth Stood Still opens, a UFO is spotted, circling the Earth at a high rate of speed. A man on the radio announces that this is not another flying saucer scare, that scientists and military men have agreed that this is something real.  Nevertheless, another radio announcer says that in the nation’s capital, there is some concern, but no sign of panic, as people are enjoying a nice spring day.

We see the familiar landmarks of Washington, D.C.  At a park, people are lying about, others having a picnic, while a bunch of children are playing baseball. Suddenly, it becomes clear that the flying saucer is going to land there, and they all scatter.

This is not realistic.  A UFO always lands in some isolated area, where only a few people see it, one of whom is taken into the flying saucer so a needle can be stuck into her navel.  And then when she tries to tell her story, no one believes her, except a few government officials, who keep it a secret because we must never know.  Landing right in the middle of the nation’s capital in broad daylight with everybody watching just isn’t the way UFOs do things.

The flying saucer is surrounded by infantry, artillery, and tanks, as well as by onlookers.  Eventually, a ramp appears, and a door opens.  An alien emerges in the shape of human being.  That’s reassuring. He starts speaking with a male voice, so men apparently run things where he comes from too.  He is wearing a space helmet, but only because every well-dressed alien from outer space is expected to have one.  Otherwise, it serves no useful function:  he wouldn’t have needed it on his flying saucer, and he has no trouble breathing when he takes it off.  When he does take it off, we see that he is white, so apparently white people run things where he comes from too.  We later find out that his name is Klaatu, played by Michael Rennie.

He is able to speak English, which he learned from listening to our radio and television broadcasts.  He says, “We have come to visit you in peace and with goodwill.”  But when he whips out what appears to be a space switchblade, one of the trigger-happy soldiers shoots him.

Then a great big robot comes out, and with rays of light beaming out of the slit in his head, he starts vaporizing all the rifles, artillery, and tanks, but without harming any soldiers.  Klaatu struggles to rise up from the ground, addressing the robot, “Gort!  Deglet ovrosco!”  Apparently, the robot’s name is Gort, and he doesn’t speak English.

As some soldiers approach, Klaatu picks up the broken device he had been holding, saying, “It was a gift for your president.  With this he could have studied life on other planets.”  Perhaps the president could also have studied the planets that used to have life on them before they were annihilated for disobedience.  But Klaatu brought only one with him, so we’ll never know.

Klaatu is brought to a hospital to treat the wound to his shoulder.  He is visited by Mr. Harley, the president’s secretary.  Klaatu tells him he has traveled 250,000,000 miles from his planet to reach Earth.  That means he could be from Mars, but it is not clear what was intended by the scriptwriters.  Later in the movie, Klaatu speaks of a confederation of planets, but we can’t be sure whether they are supposed to be within our solar system or beyond it.  At the time this movie was made, the possibility of intelligent life on other planets in our solar system and even on their moons was widely accepted in science fiction.  On the other hand, Klaatu at one point says, “The universe grows smaller every day,” not, “The solar system grows smaller every day.”  Therefore, it is more likely that Klaatu’s home planet is not in our solar system.  But that means that its distance from Earth would have to be measured in trillions of miles, not millions.

Klaatu demands that he be allowed to address the United Nations.  Mr. Harley is hesitant, saying there are problems with that, saying that “evil forces have produced tension in our world.”

Klaatu replies, in a voice that is not at all friendly, but rather threatening, “My mission here is not to solve your petty squabbles. It concerns the existence of every last creature who lives on Earth.”  So much for all that talk about “peace” and “goodwill” in his initial greeting.  Later, he refers to earthlings as being childish and stupid.  However, when he learns that he cannot get anywhere with the political leaders of the world, he decides he must mingle with ordinary people of Earth, so as to understand their “strange, unreasoning attitudes.”

He is locked in his room in the hospital, but of course he is able to escape.  He rents a room at a boardinghouse, using the name Mr. Carpenter, where he meets Helen Benson (Patricia Neal) and her son Bobby.  According to an online script, Bobby is supposed to be eleven years old, even though he is played by Billy Gray, who was thirteen at the time.  Although “Mr. Carpenter” becomes quite familiar with these two, as well as with others who live there, he never encourages anyone to call him by a first name. This is consistent with his persona, which affects an aloof, superior attitude.

The next morning, at the breakfast table of the boardinghouse, Mr. Carpenter reads in the newspaper that a Professor Barnhardt (Sam Jaffe) has invited scientists from all over the world to study the spaceship.  He seems to be getting an idea:  if he cannot get anywhere with politicians, he might do better with scientists.  That places this movie on the left, politically speaking. Conservatives don’t trust scientists the way liberals do.

Also at the breakfast table are other tenants, listening to the radio, where the announcer refers to the spaceman as a monster, who must be tracked down like a wild animal and destroyed.  However, he expresses concern that destroying him might involve retaliation.  We are supposed to disapprove of this xenophobic attitude on the part of the announcer.  This is ironic, for once we find out why Klaatu has come to Earth, we realize that the announcer was right:  Klaatu is a monster, and the only misgivings we should have about killing him is the possibility of retaliation.  Of course, the movie does not want us to think that way, not even at the end when his threat to destroy all life on this planet becomes clear.

One of the tenants, a Mr. Barley, turns off the radio in disgust, complaining about the way the government isn’t doing anything because they are Democrats. Because he comes across as dogmatic and narrowminded, this remark further establishes the leftwing orientation of this movie.

Mrs. Barley, his wife, doesn’t even think he is from another planet, but from right here on Earth. Given the year this movie was made, we may guess that she thinks the man is a Communist.  Only Helen defends the spaceman, suggesting he is not a menace at all.

Mrs. Crockett, the landlady, enters the dining room and tells Helen that Tom Stevens is here to see her. She goes into the lobby, where they kiss romantically. Apparently, they were planning a picnic, but Helen says she hasn’t been able to find a babysitter for Bobby.  She tentatively suggests taking him with them, but we can see that Tom doesn’t like that idea.  Right then, we know we aren’t supposed to like him, not surprising since he is played by Hugh Marlowe.  Furthermore, he is an insurance salesman.  In real life, an insurance salesman might be a fine fellow, but when a scriptwriter decides to make one of the characters in a movie an insurance salesman, he wants the audience to have a negative feeling about him. Tom wants to marry Helen, but she isn’t sure.

In any event, Mr. Carpenter offers to take care of Bobby, so Bobby can show him around the city. Before Helen has a chance to think about that, Tom says, “Say, that’ll be great, wouldn’t it, Helen?” Helen is hesitant, but she finally agrees.  Bobby and Mr. Carpenter begin by going to Arlington National Cemetery, where Bobby’s father is buried.  Mr. Carpenter is deeply moved by the fact that all those men died in wars. He says that they don’t have wars where he comes from.  Then they go to the Lincoln Memorial, where he reads the Gettysburg Address, which was given during the Civil War. Again, Mr. Carpenter is deeply moved.  Referring to Lincoln, he says, “That’s the kind of man I’d like to talk to.”

I hate to get ahead of this story again, but since we all know what is coming, I guess it will be all right. The whole reason Klaatu is here on Earth is that earthlings fight wars.  Since they now have atomic weapons and are experimenting with rockets, this will make them a danger to the whole universe, once they move beyond Earth and venture on to other planets.  As a result, Earth may have to be incinerated, wiping everyone out, including Bobby, I might add.  In order for this to make sense, Klaatu should be showing disgust at the way earthlings not only fight wars all the time, but also honor those who died in those wars, thereby duping future young men to fight and die too.  That he should become sentimental about those who died in wars, and that he should admire a man who presided over a war, is incongruous, given the kind of death and destruction that he threatens to inflict on all of mankind on account of the wars they are always waging.

Since Lincoln is no longer available, Mr. Carpenter asks Bobby who the greatest man in America is today, meaning the greatest philosopher, the greatest thinker. Bobby says it’s Professor Barnhardt. They go to Barnhardt’s house, but he’s not home.  Mr. Carpenter and Bobby go inside anyway, where they see a blackboard full of equations, representing an effort to solve a problem in celestial mechanics. Mr. Carpenter writes on the blackboard, essentially solving it for Barnhardt, leaving his address with the Barnhardt’s secretary when she interrupts them.

Eventually, Barnhardt and Mr. Carpenter get together, the latter revealing himself as Klaatu.  He says that the warlike earthlings are beginning to be a threat to other planets, now that they have atomic energy and rockets.  Klaatu says that if he does not get the hearing he demands, he may have to resort to violence to get one, such as by destroying all of New York City.  If he gets a hearing and fails to get the results he demands, the entire planet Earth will have to be eliminated. In the meantime, he agrees to settle for a nonviolent demonstration of some sort.

That night, Bobby follows Mr. Carpenter to the flying saucer, where he sees him interacting with Gort and then entering the spaceship.  He tells his mother what he saw, and, you guessed it, she insists he was dreaming, one of the most irritating plot devices in the movies.  How refreshing it would have been to see her immediately pick up the phone and call the police.  Instead, we have to resign ourselves to suffering through this routine until Bobby is finally believed, and then only because Mr. Carpenter tells Helen that he is Klaatu.  He admits to what happened because he found out that Bobby saw him entering the flying saucer, and he was afraid Helen would believe Bobby and call the police.  It never occurred to Klaatu that Helen would dismiss what Bobby told her as being a dream because he is from another planet and has never been in an Earth movie before.

Right after he tells her this, the demonstration he promised Barnhardt begins, when all electric power throughout the entire world is turned off, including that of automobiles.  That’s impressive, all right. Even more impressive is the fact that this is done differentially, with exceptions being made for hospitals and airplanes in flight.  Problem is, if Klaatu, all by himself, has the ability to do this, he could shut off the electricity of any rocket ships trying to leave Earth. In that case, the other planets that Klaatu represents would have nothing to fear, and Earth would not need to be destroyed.  But Klaatu doesn’t think of that.

Anyway, Tom figures out that Mr. Carpenter is the spaceman.  That’s because Klaatu carries perfect diamonds around in his pocket like loose change, a couple of which he gave to Bobby, one of which Tom accidentally found.  He and Helen start arguing about it.  He wants to report this to the Pentagon, and she wants to protect Klaatu by keeping it a secret.

Tom says, “He’s a menace to the whole world.  It’s our duty to turn him in.” He’s right, of course. Klaatu casually spoke of murdering everyone in New York City just to make a point, that point being that he is willing to murder everyone on this planet, if we don’t do what he says.  By our standards, he is a psychopath, although on the planet he comes from, he may be perfectly normal.

But the movie doesn’t want us to think that way.  For some reason, we are supposed to think Klaatu is a good person, and that Helen is right to protect him. Therefore, the movie must make Tom out to be even more unlikable than he already is.  He continues:

You realize what this’d mean for us? I’d be the biggest man in the country. I could write my own ticket….   You’ll feel different when you see my picture in the papers…. You wait and see. You’re going to marry a big hero.

It might be one thing for him to think that way, but no matter how vainglorious a man might be in his heart, he would know not to say something like, “I want to be a hero.” Rather, what we would expect is that Tom would continue to say he is turning Klaatu in because it’s the right thing to do.  Later, when surrounded by reporters, who speak of him as a hero, he would say, “Oh, no.  I just did what anyone else would do in my situation.”

In any event, after he tells Helen that he doesn’t care about the world, that he only wants to be big and important, that marriage is off.

Of course, in another sense, Tom was wrong about informing the Pentagon, as a practical matter. Even if Klaatu were to be arrested or killed, Earth would be destroyed anyway. Klaatu says that is exactly what would happen, that Gort would destroy the whole planet if anything happened to him.  Gort may end up doing that eventually, but right now it would be premature.  To prevent Gort from so doing, he tells Helen that if anything happens to him, she must go to Gort and say the words, “Klaatu barada nikto.”

Later, when Klaatu is shot down in the street by soldiers, he tells her to get that message to Gort right before he dies. Meanwhile, Gort has been sealed in a rectangular prism of plastic, which is harder than steel.  Nevertheless, he simply vaporizes it and frees himself.  A couple of soldiers approach. This time, Gort doesn’t simply vaporize their rifles. He vaporizes the soldiers too.

Then Helen shows up.  Gort is about to do the same to her, but she utters the all-important words, “Klaatu barada nikto.”  There must be a lot of meaning in those words because Gort picks up Helen and brings her inside the flying saucer.  Then he goes to the cell where the body of Klaatu has been locked up, vaporizes the wall, and brings Klaatu’s body back to the flying saucer.

When Gort brings Klaatu back to life, Helen asks, “You mean he has the power of life and death?”

Klaatu responds, “No, that power is reserved for the Almighty Spirit.”  This is the only explicit reference to God in this movie, although his use of the name “Carpenter” is intended to make us identify him with Jesus, as does his resurrection.

All the scientists that Klaatu wanted to speak to have convened around the flying saucer.  Klaatu emerges and gives a short speech.

Essentially, he says that the other planets in the universe have created a race of robots to act as policemen.  Their job is to enforce the peace. They have absolute power over those who live on those planets, and their power cannot be revoked. If the people on Earth try to extend their violent ways beyond their own planet, the entire planet will be burnt to a cinder.  Having given this ultimatum, he gets in his flying saucer and flies away.

Earlier, I noted that the political orientation of this movie is on the left, given its positive attitude toward scientists.  Furthermore, regarding those scientists now surrounding the flying saucer, we see they consist of men and women of all races and from all parts of world, suggesting an equality of the sexes and the races, which also puts this movie on the left.  In the original script, Klaatu compared the organization of the planets of which he speaks to “A sort of United Nations on the planetary level.”  Even without that line in the movie, the similarity between the organization of the planets and our United Nations is obvious. This further marks the movie as being on the left, given that liberals tend to have a more favorable attitude toward the United Nations than conservatives do.

As opposed to this, I would have expected conservative viewers of this movie to react with revulsion at the thought of having to submit to Klaatu and his robot.  I should think they would regard the loss of sovereignty of planet Earth to some interplanetary government, which in turn has given up its sovereignty to a race of robots, not as a positive thing, but as a cautionary tale as to what could happen to American sovereignty if the elitists and globalists are allowed to have their way.  Moreover, I should have thought that those on right would have been appalled at the way we are supposed to admire Klaatu and appreciate what he is doing for the people on Earth, while threatening them all with death if they don’t behave.  Finally, given the intensity with which conservatives embrace their Christian faith, I should have thought they would regard the suggestion that Klaatu was Christlike as blasphemous.

And yet, I have found none of this.  With professional critics, it is sometimes difficult to tell whether they are liberals or conservatives, but that doesn’t seem to matter.  Whatever their political orientation might be, they all seem to approve of the way Klaatu bestowed upon mankind the blessing of peace on Earth.  As for those I have known personally, their response has invariably been the same, even though I have lived in Texas most of my life and am surrounded by Republicans.  It strikes me as paradoxical that, though I am a Democrat, yet my reaction to this movie is further to the right than it is for those who actually belong there.

The Creation of the Humanoids (1962)

I recently watched Ex Machina (2014) and Westworld(2016- ), and I have just started watching Humans (2015- ). Though these movies or television shows all qualify as science fiction, yet they do not seem as far-fetched as robot movies used to.  We are beginning to take seriously the rise of the robots and the implication that will have on humans. We are wondering if they are conscious or soon will be, if they are or soon will be persons rather than things.  And if they supplant us, whether that will be a tragedy or a blessing.

There are basically two types of robot movies:  mechanical men and humanoids. Actually, the term “humanoid” is sometimes used to include mechanical men as well, but I am using it here to refer to robots that look like humans.  So understood, humanoid movies have the advantage of allowing actors to play the parts just as they are.  In the case of mechanical men, it is often the case that an actor has to wear a metal and plastic getup.  It really does not matter, because many of the questions concerning robots and their implication for the human race remain the same, their appearance being of secondary importance. Sometimes the mechanical men are just servants or workers, but when they pose a threat, it tends to be physical; the threat of the humanoids typically constitutes an existential one.  There are exceptions to this, however.

Humanoid movies have a couple of extra features that mechanical men movies do not.  First, if they are humanoid, there is the possibility of having sex with them, although I suppose there may be a few out there kinky enough to want to have sex with a mechanical man or woman, assuming it makes sense to apply the concept of gender to them.  Sex with humanoids has all sorts of advantages: sex when you want it, the way you want it; you don’t have to shave first; you don’t have to worry about your performance; your humanoid won’t cheat on you and bring home an STD; and there will probably be an off-switch right there on your remote.  At least, that’s the way it will be until we start thinking of them as persons.  Then the questions of miscegenation and sex slavery will arise. And then you will have to shave first.

Second, with humanoid movies, there is the question of identity.  Who is a humanoid and who is a real human?  This can lead to paranoia, not unlike the fear of communists in our midst back in the day.  And even if we know who is what, the possibility of a kind of racism will emerge, one that might well be justified.

In any event, all this made me think of The Creation of the Humanoids, a cheesy science fiction movie made in 1962.  You almost get the impression that some friends got into a discussion one night about what was going to happen in the future when robots became advanced, and when the evening was over, they decided to put it into a movie. And because they wanted to get it all in, The Creation of the Humanoids ended up being 98% dialogue and 2% action. In one scene after another, characters speak didactically, informing us of the different types of robots, in what ways they are or are not like humans; the effect that robots are having on humans now that they are doing everything humans use to do only better; the relationships between humans and robots; and whether robots will eventually replace humans altogether. The end result is a low-budget movie with crude special effects that plods along from one dialogue scene to another, with the only redeeming feature being that some interesting ideas about the future of robots are discussed, ideas that are beginning to seem more relevant than ever.

In this movie, there is an organization called Flesh and Blood that is prejudiced against robots, derisively referring to them as clickers, with obvious similarities to the Ku Klux Klan. The main character, Kenneth Cragis, who calls himself “the Cragis” for some reason, is a high-ranking member of Flesh and Blood. He doesn’t hate the robots exactly, but he sure doesn’t want his sister to marry one. As a result, he is appalled to find out that his sister is “in rapport” with one of them, and you can guess what that means. When he went to confront her, I almost expected him to call her a clicker lover.

The robots are secretly trying to develop more advanced models, which are electronic duplicates of humans that have recently died, with all their memories implanted in them. They do this not because they are evil, but because they have been programmed to serve man, and they know what is best for man, even if the law actually forbids the development of robots beyond a certain level. These advanced models think they are human, except at special times, when they realize they are robots and report back to the robot temple.

Cragis falls in love with Maxine Megan, and they plan to enter into a contract, which is what they call marriage in the future. But then the special moment arrives, and they are taken to the temple, where they find out that they are robots. Cragis realizes that he has all the advantages of being human, with the robotic advantage of living for two hundred years, after which he can be replaced with another duplicate that will have all his memories. It is almost as if, in Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956), Becky and Miles found out that they had already been replaced by a couple of pods, only the pods were an improved variety that also duplicated emotions, making them just like humans, only better, because, being plants, they can live longer.

As for Maxine, when they duplicated her, the robots decided that she was getting a little fat, so they slimmed her down in the duplication process, which is just one more way in which Cragis benefits from this robotic duplication process. In any event, they are duplicates of humans in every way, except for being able to reproduce and have children. Now, I can’t speak for Cragis, but I would call that a benefit. However, Maxine says she wants the fulfillment of having a baby. Dr. Raven, the scientist who is behind these duplications, says he thinks that form of producing new robots is a bit crude, but he agrees to take her and Cragis to the last phase of duplication, which will allow her to get pregnant.

In the final shot, Dr. Raven turns to the camera and suggests that as a result of having taken robots to this final stage, we in the audience are robots too.